Alerta de ciberseguidad

Puerto Rico Innovation & Technology Service

Date:

December 14, 2022

Multiple Vulnerabilities in Apple Products Could Allow for Arbitrary Code Execution

Gobierno:

High

Medium

Low

Negocios:

High

Medium

Low

Hogar:

High

Medium

Low

OVERVIEW:
Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Apple Products, the most severe of which could allow for arbitrary code execution.

iCloud for Windows allows access your photos, videos, calendar, files, and other important information on your Windows PC.
Safari is a graphical web browser developed by Apple.
macOS Ventura is the 19th and current major release of macOS
macOS Monterey is the 18th and release of macOS.
macOS Big Sur is the 17th release of macOS.
iOS is a mobile operating system for mobile devices, including the iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.
iPadOS is the successor to iOS 12 and is a mobile operating system for iPads.
tvOS is an operating system for fourth-generation Apple TV digital media player.

Successful exploitation of the most severe of these vulnerabilities could allow for arbitrary code execution in the context of the logged on user. Depending on the privileges associated with the user, an attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights. Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than those who operate with administrative user rights.

THREAT INTELLIGENCE:
Apple is aware of a report of CVE-2022-42856 being actively exploited in the wild.

SYSTEMS AFFECTED:

iCloud for Windows version prior to 14.1
Safari versions prior to 16.2
iOS versions prior to 15.7.2, for iPadOS 15.7.2, iPhone 6s (all models), iPhone 7 (all models), iPhone SE (1st generation), iPad Pro (all models), iPad Air 2 and later, iPad 5th generation and later, iPad mini 4 and later, and iPod touch (7th generation)
iOS versions prior to 16.2, for iPadOS 16.2, for iPhone 8 and later, iPad Pro (all models), iPad Air 3rd generation and later, iPad 5th generation and later, iPad mini 5th generation and later
macOS Big Sur versions prior to 11.7.2
macOS Monterey versions prior to 12.6.2
macOS Ventura versions prior to 13.1
tvOS versions prior to 16.2
watchOS versions prior to 9.2

RISK:

Government:

Large and medium government entities: High
Small government entities: High

Businesses:

Large and medium business entities: High
Small business entities: High

Home users: Low

TECHNICAL SUMMARY:

Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Apple Products, the most severe of which could allow for arbitrary code execution. Details of the most critical vulnerabilities are as follows:

Tactic: Initial Access (TA0001):

Technique: Drive-by Compromise (T1189):

· Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution. (CVE-2022-42867, CVE-2022-46691, CVE-2022-46696, CVE-2022-46700, CVE-2022-46699, CVE-2022-42863, CVE-2022-42856, CVE-2022-4286)

· Processing maliciously crafted web content may disclose sensitive user information (CVE-2022-46698)

· Processing a maliciously crafted file may lead to arbitrary code execution (CVE-2022-46693)

· Processing maliciously crafted web content may result in the disclosure of process memory (CVE-2022-42852)

· Processing maliciously crafted web content may bypass Same Origin Policy (CVE-2022-46692)

· Processing a maliciously crafted package may lead to arbitrary code execution (CVE-2022-42841)

· Parsing a maliciously crafted video file may lead to kernel code execution (CVE-2022-46694)

· Visiting a website that frames malicious content may lead to UI spoofing (CVE-2022-46695)

· Parsing a maliciously crafted video file may lead to unexpected system termination (CVE-2022-42846)

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Details of lower-severity vulnerabilities are as follows:

· An app may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges. (CVE-2022-42847, CVE-2022-32942, CVE-2022-42864, CVE-2022-46690, CVE-2022-46689, CVE-2022-42840, CVE-2022-42848, CVE-2022-42850)

· An app with root privileges may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges (CVE-2022-42845)

· An app may be able to access user-sensitive data (CVE-2022-42854)

· An app may be able to disclose kernel memory (CVE-2022-46702)

· An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system (CVE-2022-42853)

· A remote user may be able to cause kernel code execution (CVE-2022-42842)

· A shortcut may be able to check the existence of an arbitrary path on the file system (CVE-2022-40303, CVE-2022-40304, CVE-2022-42837)

· A remote user may be able to cause unexpected app termination or arbitrary code execution (CVE-2022-42837, CVE-2022-24836, CVE-2022-29181, CVE-2022-40303, CVE-2022-40304)

· An app may be able to bypass Privacy preferences (CVE-2022-42865, CVE-2022-42859, CVE-2022-42862)

· An app may be able to read sensitive location information (CVE-2022-42866)

· A user may be able to elevate privileges (CVE-2022-42849)

· A user may be able to view sensitive user information (CVE-2022-42843)

· An app may bypass Gatekeeper checks (CVE-2022-42821)

· An app may be able to break out of its sandbox (CVE-2022-42861, CVE-2022-42844)

· An app may be able to use arbitrary entitlements (CVE-2022-42855)

· Parsing a maliciously crafted TIFF file may lead to disclosure of user information (CVE-2022-42851)

· Connecting to a malicious NFS server may lead to arbitrary code execution with kernel privileges (CVE-2022-46701)

· Shake-to-undo may allow a deleted photo to be re-surfaced without authentication (CVE-2022-32943)

RECOMMENDATIONS:
We recommend the following actions be taken:

1. Apply the stable channel update provided by Apple to vulnerable systems immediately after appropriate testing. (M1051: Update Software)

Safeguard 7.1 : Establish and Maintain a Vulnerability Management Process: Establish and maintain a documented vulnerability management process for enterprise assets. Review and update documentation annually, or when significant enterprise changes occur that could impact this Safeguard.
Safeguard 7.2 : Establish and Maintain a Remediation Process: Establish and maintain a risk-based remediation strategy documented in a remediation process, with monthly, or more frequent, reviews.
Safeguard 7.6 : Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Externally-Exposed Enterprise Assets: Perform automated vulnerability scans of externally-exposed enterprise assets using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool. Perform scans on a monthly, or more frequent, basis.
Safeguard 7.7 : Remediate Detected Vulnerabilities: Remediate detected vulnerabilities in software through processes and tooling on a monthly, or more frequent, basis, based on the remediation process.
Safeguard 16.13 Conduct Application Penetration Testing: Conduct application penetration testing. For critical applications, authenticated penetration testing is better suited to finding business logic vulnerabilities than code scanning and automated security testing. Penetration testing relies on the skill of the tester to manually manipulate an application as an authenticated and unauthenticated user.
Safeguard 18.1 : Establish and Maintain a Penetration Testing Program: Establish and maintain a penetration testing program appropriate to the size, complexity, and maturity of the enterprise. Penetration testing program characteristics include scope, such as network, web application, Application Programming Interface (API), hosted services, and physical premise controls; frequency; limitations, such as acceptable hours, and excluded attack types; point of contact information; remediation, such as how findings will be routed internally; and retrospective requirements.
Safeguard 18.2 : Perform Periodic External Penetration Tests: Perform periodic external penetration tests based on program requirements, no less than annually. External penetration testing must include enterprise and environmental reconnaissance to detect exploitable information. Penetration testing requires specialized skills and experience and must be conducted through a qualified party. The testing may be clear box or opaque box.
Safeguard 18.3 : Remediate Penetration Test Findings: Remediate penetration test findings based on the enterprise’s policy for remediation scope and prioritization.

2. Apply the Principle of Least Privilege to all systems and services. Run all software as a non-privileged user (one without administrative privileges) to diminish the effects of a successful attack. (M1026: Privileged Account Management)

Safeguard 4.7: Manage Default Accounts on Enterprise Assets and Software: Manage default accounts on enterprise assets and software, such as root, administrator, and other pre-configured vendor accounts. Example implementations can include: disabling default accounts or making them unusable.
Safeguard 5.4: Restrict Administrator Privileges to Dedicated Administrator Accounts: Restrict administrator privileges to dedicated administrator accounts on enterprise assets. Conduct general computing activities, such as internet browsing, email, and productivity suite use, from the user’s primary, non-privileged account.

3. Restrict use of certain websites, block downloads/attachments, block Javascript, restrict browser extensions, etc. (M1021: Restrict Web-Based Content)

Safeguard 2.3: Address Unauthorized Software: Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed from use on enterprise assets or receives a documented exception. Review monthly, or more frequently.
Safeguard 2.7: Allowlist Authorized Scripts: Use technical controls, such as digital signatures and version control, to ensure that only authorized scripts, such as specific .ps1, .py, etc., files, are allowed to execute. Block unauthorized scripts from executing. Reassessbi-annually, or more frequently.
Safeguard 9.3: Maintain and Enforce Network-Based URL Filters: Enforce and update network-based URL filters to limit an enterprise asset from connecting to potentially malicious or unapproved websites. Example implementations include category-based filtering, reputation-based filtering, or through the use of block lists. Enforce filters for all enterprise assets.
Safeguard 9.6: Block Unnecessary File Types: Block unnecessary file types attempting to enter the enterprise’s email gateway.

4. Use capabilities to detect and block conditions that may lead to or be indicative of a software exploit occurring. (Mitigation M1050 : Exploit Protection)

Safeguard 10.5: Enable Anti-Exploitation Features: Enable anti-exploitation features on enterprise assets and software, where possible, such as Microsoft® Data Execution Prevention (DEP), Windows® Defender Exploit Guard (WDEG), or Apple® System Integrity Protection (SIP) and Gatekeeper™.

5. Train users to be aware of access or manipulation attempts by an adversary to reduce the risk of successful spearphishing, social engineering, and other techniques that involve user interaction. (M1017: User Training)

Safeguard 14.1: Establish and Maintain a Security Awareness Program: Establish and maintain a security awareness program. The purpose of a security awareness program is to educate the enterprise’s workforce on how to interact with enterprise assets and data in a secure manner. Conduct training at hire and, at a minimum, annually. Review and update content annually, or when significant enterprise changes occur that could impact this Safeguard.
Safeguard 14.6: Train Workforce Members on Recognizing and Reporting Security Incidents: Train workforce members to be able to recognize a potential incident and be able to report such an incident.

REFERENCES:

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Alerta de ciberseguidad

Puerto Rico Innovation & Technology Service

Date:

Multiple Vulnerabilities in Apple Products Could Allow for Arbitrary Code Execution